Job Assessments and the Anticipated Retention of Behavioral Health Clinicians Working in US Health Professional Shortage Areas

A shortage of behavioral health clinicians is limiting access to mental health care across the United States, particularly in areas designated as Mental Health Professional Shortage Areas (mHPSAs). Retaining clinicians in these high-need areas is essential to improving access. This article examines behavioral health clinicians’ assessments of various job and workplace factors associated with their…

Identifying Factors Associated With Variation in Telemental Health Delivery at Federally Qualified Health Centers

During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemental health—including video and phone visits—became essential for delivering mental healthcare as in-person visits declined and demand increased. Regulatory and payment changes at both federal and state levels in the US enabled its rapid expansion, with usage rising from under 1% pre-pandemic to 39% of behavioral health visits between March and…

State-by-State Variation in the Credentialing, Training, Supervision, and Medicaid Reimbursement of the High-School, Associates, and Bachelor’s-Level Addiction Counselor Workforce

In 2023, nearly 25% of the US population aged 12 or older used illicit drugs, and over 17% met the criteria for a substance use disorder (SUD), with synthetic opioids and excessive alcohol use driving a sharp rise in drug-related deaths. Despite the growing need for SUD treatment, significant access gaps remain—especially for individuals from…

Identifying Educational Pathways to Graduate-Level Behavioral Health Professions: A Latent Class Analysis

To address the behavioral health workforce crisis in the United States, it is essential to support students who are interested in pursuing careers in behavioral health. Exploring the various educational pathways into these professions is a critical step, as it can reveal opportunities to expand the supply of qualified, culturally, and linguistically representative providers. This…

Aligning Training, Regulation, and Payment Policy to Advance the Behavioral Health Workforce

The United States is grappling with a behavioral health crisis worsened by workforce shortages, which restrict access to treatment. States are responding by creating new roles and expanding existing ones within the behavioral health workforce. However, misalignment in training, regulation, and payment policies undermines the effective deployment of these roles to address needs. This article…

Understanding Available Data Sources to Estimate the Size and Distribution of Community Health Workers in the United States

Community health workers are an important workforce for health care systems to achieve health equity and reduce health disparities in vulnerable communities. However, because CHWs are a non-licensed workforce who work across system settings with various job titles, it is difficult to estimate and characterize this workforce. This article discusses the estimated size and state…

Behavioral Health Workforce Distribution in Socially Disadvantaged Communities

Amid a growing behavioral health crisis in the US, less than half of individuals who need services for mental health or substance use concerns receive care. Multiple factors impact access to behavioral health services, including payment, stigma, and the availability of a positioned behavioral health workforce in areas with the greatest need. Recent work demonstrates…

When Interruption Becomes Innovation: How Integrated Behavioral Health in Primary Care Adapted During COVID-19

The expansion of integrated behavioral health (IBH) in primary care is crucial to addressing the growing behavioral health crisis in the US. Evidence shows that patients are more likely to receive behavioral health diagnosis and treatment in primary care than in specialty mental health settings. COVID-19 disrupted primary care delivery, necessitating modifications to IBH. Social…

How Would a Certification in Harm Reduction Impact Service Delivery and the Harm Reduction Workforce? A Qualitative Study

By employing evidence-based methods, harm reduction seeks to lessen the negative health and social consequences associated with substance use. As harm reduction services continue to expand without the need for professional certification, there remains considerable variation in how the workforce is perceived and trained in harm reduction principles and practices. This article explores the harm…

Assessing the Training for Certified Peer Support Specialists Who Provide Mental Health and Substance Use Services

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic worsened mental health conditions due to sudden social distancing restrictions, prolonged isolation, and increased disruptions in mental health and substance use treatment and support services. Peer support specialists play a crucial role in helping individuals with mental health and substance use challenges explore various pathways to recovery. These services…

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